Jeśli ktoś przewrócił swoje oliwki [Jest to zwyczaj przewracania oliwek w kadzi, w której są przechowywane, przed zabraniem ich do tłoczni; a jeśli nie zostaną tam zabrani do naciskania po ich obróceniu, psują.] i (przed Chol Hamoed) stał się żałobnikiem [któremu nie wolno pracować], albo miał nieszczęście, albo pracownicy go oszukali, [ nie przychodzi do pracy—i przybył Chol Hamoed], może załadować pierwszą belkę [tj. może raz położyć belkę tłoczni oliwek na oliwkach, tak że je obciąży, i część oliwy wypłynie i nie zostaną zepsute; ale nie może tego zrobić po raz drugi, bo już nie będą zepsuć] i pozostawia go aż po święto. To są słowa R. Judy. [Dowiadujemy się stąd, że prace, które są dozwolone na Chol Hamoed są zabronione żałobnikowi w dniach jego żałoby, jest powiedziane: "A jeśli (przed Chol Hamoed) stał się żałobnikiem" (z tego powodu czekał, aż Chol Hamoed), „może załadować pierwszą belkę” na Chol Hamoed, co sugeruje, że w dniach jego żałoby nie wolno mu było załadować nawet pierwszej belki; ale inni mogą to zrobić dla niego.] R. Yossi mówi: On może wylać (zolef) [oliwki na tłocznię oliwek (Cokolwiek się rozleje, nazywa się "ziluf")], może skończyć [ich tłoczenie i zbieranie (oliwy ) w tłoczni oliwy] i może zatkać [usta pojemników (oliwy)], jak to ma w zwyczaju. [Halacha jest zgodna z R. Yossi.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
מי שהפך – It is the manner of people that they turn their olives in the vat or pit where olives are packed until they form a viscid mass where they are piled up and when one wants to bring them into the building containing the tank [and all the implements] for pressing olives, and if he does not bring them into the press to grind them after he has turned them over, they become lost.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
Introduction
The beginning of chapter one introduces yet another criterion used in determining whether work is permitted on the festival. We have already learned that one should not save work to be done on the festival. Things that can be done before the festival cannot be done during the festival. Our mishnah deals with a person who intended to do something before the festival but then was not able to. If he doesn’t do the work during the festival, he will incur a financial loss.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
וארעו אבל – who is prohibited to do work.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
If one had turned his olives, and mourning or some unforeseen circumstance befell him, or workmen misled him, he may [during the festival] put on the beam for the first time and leave it until after the festival, the words of Rabbi Judah. The mishnah refers to the preparation of olives. They would put the olives in a large sack so that they would heat up and start to release the oil. After time they would flip the bag with a special stick so that they would get very soft. This was done prior to pressing them with a large beam. In our mishnah someone turned his olives over and was planning to put them under the beam before the festival. However, he was not able to do so due to some unforeseen circumstance. The mishnah gives a couple of examples of such a circumstance. First of all, someone in his family might have died and a mourner is not allowed to work. Alternatively, he might have had workers who reneged on an agreement to help press his olives. In any case, Rabbi Judah allows him to begin pressing the olives so that they will not rot, but he does not allow him to complete this process.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
או שהטעתו פועלים – that did not come to work and the Festival arrived.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Moed Katan
Rabbi Yose says: he may pour off [the oil] and complete the process and seal [the jars] in his usual way. Rabbi Yose is more lenient. He allows him to take the oil that comes out of the first pressing and even do the second and third pressing. He may put the oil in jars and close them up as well. Rabbi Yose reasons that once he has been allowed to do some of the work, he should be allowed to complete it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
טוען – upon the olives a beam of the olive press for the first time and sweep them out, ion order that a bit of the oil flows a bit so that they will not loose it, but not during the second time because they will not lose any more, and from here we learn that things that are permitted during the Festival (i.e., on the Intermediate Days of the Festival/Hol HaMoed), it is forbidden for a mourner to do them with his hand during his days of mourning, for since it (i.e., the Mishnah) teaches “an occasion for mourning befell him,” and on account of the mourning he delays until the Festival, he applies the pressing beam [for the first time] for the olives during the Festival, but during the days of his mourning, he would be prohibited to press with his hand even the first beat, but others press for him.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
זולף – he pours the olives on the back of the olive press, and every matter that he pours is called זילוף/sprinkling.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
וגומר – pressing them (olives) and wine/grape pressing in the olive press.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Moed Katan
וגף – close the lip of the barrels. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi.
